Types of Traumatic Brain Injury

There are essentially two kinds of traumatic brain injury: focal and diffuse. Diffuse injuries are restricted to a specific part of the brain and can be easily picked up on a CT scan or X-ray. Contusions are a form of focal brain injury which results in damaged brain tissue. They usually appear in the frontal and temporal lobes and when they are present in the brainstem they can cause double vision.

Hypoxic-ischemic Injury

Known to cause greatly reduced cognitive function and memory deficiency, Hypoxic-ischemic injury (HII) causes swelling of the brain restricting the flow of oxygen.

Diffuse Axonal Injury

Commonly known as DAI; Diffuse Axonal Injury affects individuals’ organisation skills, memory and attention levels. It takes place all over the brain causing bleeding (haemorrhage) and in addition, toxic chemicals are released in the days that follow an injury. The frontal and temporal lobes of the brain are the most susceptible. It can also result in vision problems in some cases.

Diffuse damage is microscopic and occurs throughout the brain in many different areas affecting the axons which enable nerve cells to communicate with each other.

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Published on 16th February 2015.